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1.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(2): 210-219, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127158

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y las características clínicas, bacteriológicas y del líquido cefalorraquídeo de la meningitis neonatal en hospitales de Lima. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, multicéntrico en seis hospitales de la ciudad de Lima, con una vigilancia epidemiológica durante un año. Resultados: La incidencia acumulada hospitalaria fue de 1,4 casos por mil nacidos vivos. Fueron incluidos 53 casos de meningitis neonatal, 34% (18/53) fueron tempranos y 66% (35/53) tardíos. Los factores maternos asociados fueron líquido amniótico meconial e infección de tracto urinario. El 58,8% (30/51) presentó controles prenatales insuficientes. El factor neonatal más asociado fue sepsis. Los principales síntomas fueron fiebre, irritabilidad, hipoactividad y dificultad respiratoria. En el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se destacó la pleocitosis, sin predominio de polimorfonucleares (PMN), hipoglucorraquia y proteinorraquia. Los patógenos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusiones: La incidencia hospitalaria de meningitis neonatal fue de 1,4 por mil nacidos vivos, siendo diez veces mayor en prematuros. La dificultad respiratoria fue el síntoma más frecuente en la forma temprana, mientras que la fiebre e irritabilidad en la forma tardía. El LCR mostró pleocitosis sin predominio de PMN. Los gérmenes más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes. La ventriculitis e hidrocefalia fueron las complicaciones neurológicas más comunes.


ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence and the clinical, bacteriological and cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of neonatal meningitis in Lima hospitals. Materials and methods: An observational, multicenter study was conducted in six hospitals in the city of Lima during 1 year of epidemiological surveillance. Results: The cumulative hospital incidence was 1.4 cases per 1000 live births. A total of 53 cases of neonatal meningitis were included, 34% (18/53) were early and 66% (35/53) late. The associated maternal factors were meconium-stained amniotic fluid and urinary tract infection. Insufficient prenatal check-ups were found in 58.8% (30/51). The most associated neonatal factor was sepsis. The main symptoms were fever, irritability, hypoactivity and respiratory distress. Pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was significant, without predominance of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMN), hypoglycorrhagia and proteinorrhagia. The most frequent pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusions: The hospital incidence of neonatal meningitis was 1.4 per 1000 live births, being ten times higher in preterm infants. Breathing difficulty was the most frequent symptom in the early stage, while fever and irritability in the late stage. CSF showed pleocytosis without predominance of PMN. The most frequent germs were Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Ventriculitis and hydrocephalus were the most common neurological complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Meningitis , Peru , Peru/epidemiology , Signs and Symptoms , Infant, Newborn , Incidence , Cities/epidemiology , Live Birth , Epidemiological Monitoring , Hospitals , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Meningitis/microbiology , Meningitis/epidemiology
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180522, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013320

ABSTRACT

Abstract Listeria is an unusual pathogen that causes neonatal infection with high morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a premature newborn whose mother had a rash during pregnancy; the newborn had severe early sepsis because of Listeria monocytogenes and histopathologically suggestive findings of the placenta. Obstetricians and neonatologists should suspect listeriosis in cases with compatible epidemiological history, clinical features, and examination findings of the placenta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Young Adult , Sepsis/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Listeriosis/microbiology , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Sepsis/diagnosis , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Listeriosis/diagnosis , Listeriosis/transmission
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(6): 561-567, Sept. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829496

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To describe thyroid alterations in term newborns (TNB) with fungal sepsis during NICU hospitalization. Method: The study included six TNB that during the clinical and laboratory manifestations of sepsis with positive cultures for fungus showed changes in thyroid hormones, called low T3 syndrome and low T3-T4 syndrome. TNB that could present hormonal changes caused by disease as those born to mothers with thyroid disease, or who had perinatal asphyxia and major surgeries were excluded. Results: Of six TNB with fungal sepsis, five had positive culture for Candida albicans and one had positive culture for Candida tropicalis. Low T3 syndrome was observed in two TNB (50%), while T3-T4 syndrome was observed in other two (100%). The four children progressed to septic shock. Conclusion: Fungal sepsis is becoming more common among newborns admitted to NICU. Thyroid insufficiency could be a marker of disease severity with possible need for hormone supplementation.


Resumo Objetivo: descrever as alterações tireoidianas em recém-nascidos de termo (RNT) que apresentaram sepse fúngica durante internação na UTI neonatal. Método: foram incluídos seis RNT que, durante as manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais de sepse, com culturas positivas para fungo, apresentaram alterações dos hormônios tireoidianos, denominadas síndrome do T3 baixo e síndrome do T3 e T4 baixo. Foram excluídos RNT que apresentaram alteração hormonal por doença, como RNT filhos de mães com doença tireoidiana, asfixia perinatal e cirurgias de grande porte. Resultados: dos seis RNT com sepse fúngica, cinco apresentavam cultura positiva para Candida albicans e um para C. tropicalis. A síndrome do T3 baixo foi observada em duas crianças (50%) e a do T3 e T4 baixo em dois RN (100%). As quatro crianças evoluíram com choque séptico. Conclusão: a sepse fúngica é cada vez mais frequente nos recém-nascidos internados em UTI neonatal. A insuficiência tireoidiana pode vir a ser marcadora de gravidade da doença, e a suplementação hormonal pode ser necessária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/microbiology , Sepsis/blood , Candidemia/blood , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/blood , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Sepsis/microbiology , Candida tropicalis/isolation & purification , Candidemia/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(2): 191-216, abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784870

ABSTRACT

There is a lot of bacterial, viral or parasite infections who are able to be transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus or newborn which implicates an enormous risk for it. The TORCH acronym is used universally to refer to a fetus or newborn which presents clinical features compatible with a vertically acquired infection and allows a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The traditional "TORCH test" is nowadays considered not appropriate and it has been replaced for specific test for specific pathogens under well defined circumstances. The present document reviews the general characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic options for the most frequently involved pathogens in the fetus or newborn with TORCH suspicion.


Existen numerosas infecciones bacterianas, virales y parasitarias que pueden transmitirse desde la madre al feto o recién nacido (RN) y que significan un riesgo para él. El acrónimo TORCH se utiliza en forma universal para caracterizar a aquel feto o RN que presenta un cuadro clínico compatible con una infección congénita y que permite un enfrentamiento racional, tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico. El concepto tradicional de realizar un "test de TORCH" sin consideraciones específicas a cada paciente, hoy en día se considera no adecuado y ha sido reemplazado por exámenes específicos para patógenos específicos bajo circunstancias bien definidas. El presente documento revisa las características generales, epidemiológicas, patogénicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de los patógenos más frecuentemente involucrados en el estudio de pacientes con sospecha de TORCH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/parasitology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Rubella/congenital , Rubella/diagnosis , Rubella/therapy , Syndrome , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/therapy , Risk Factors , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/therapy , Fetus , Herpes Simplex/congenital , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/therapy
6.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 79(5): 462-470, oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518975

ABSTRACT

Group B Streptococcus is one of the leading bacterias causing early onset neonatal sepsis. It constitutes an important factor of neonatal morbidity and mortality and high costs in health. Many strategies have been formulated to avoid vertical transmission from the colonized mother to the newborn, in an attempt to prevent infection of the infant. The most used nowadays is antibiotic prophylaxis given to the mother during labor, depending on the results of recto-vaginal culture taken during 35 to 37 weeks of gestation. This strategy has importantly diminished the prevalence of early onset neonatal sepsis by this agent, although there is still concern about the potential generation of antibiotic resistance and drug-induced adverse reactions in the mother. New techniques for prevention are being developed, such as vaccines against Streptococcus. In the newborn, infection caused by Streptococcus has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, like sepsis and meningitis which are the most frequent and lethal. Neurological sequelae are common among the survivors, so an early suspicion of disease must lead to a prompt antibiotic treatment.


El Streptococcus grupo B (SGB) es uno de los principales agentes causales de sepsis neonatal precoz, siendo un importante factor de morbimortalidad neonatal y de costos en salud pública. Se han implementado múltiples estrategias para evitar la transmisión vertical desde la madre colonizada a su recién nacido, de modo de prevenir la infección de éste último. La más usada en la actualidad es la profilaxis antibiótica administrada a la madre en el momento del parto dependiendo del resultado de un cultivo perineal realizado entre las semanas 35 y 37 de gestación. Mediante esta estrategia se ha logrado disminuir de manera importante la incidencia de la sepsis neonatal por este agente, pero existen aprehensiones acerca de la posible generación de resistencia antibiótica o reacciones adversas a fármacos por parte de la madre. Por esto último, nuevas técnicas de prevención se encuentran en estudio, como las vacunas contra el SGB. En los recién nacidos la infección por Streptococcus agalactiae puede manifestarse de diversas maneras, siendo la sepsis y la meningitis las más frecuentes y mortales. El porcentaje de secuelas entre los sobrevivientes es elevado, por lo que ante la sospecha precoz de infección debe iniciarse tratamiento antibiótico a la brevedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Streptococcal Infections/transmission , Risk Factors , Sepsis/microbiology , Sepsis/prevention & control , Streptococcus agalactiae/growth & development
7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-23310

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Clinical laboratories need to develop quick screening methods for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, so that the appropriate medication can be started without delay. In this study, we report the screening sensitivity of four representative antimicrobial agents i.e., cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, commonly used for ESBL detection in Klebsiella spp. METHODS: A total of 100 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. from the cases of neonatal septicaemia at a tertiary care hospital from north India, were screened for ESBL production by Kirby- Bauer's disc diffusion (cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test by agar dilution methods. Confirmation was done by double disc method. RESULTS: Results showed that 58 of the 100 isolates tested were ESBL positive by confirmatory test and cefpodoxime was more efficient ESBL screening antimicrobial agent than ceftazidime, cefotaxime and aztreonam. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Using the standard disk diffusion as screening test for identifying ESBL producers, cefpodoxime was found to be the most efficient antimicrobial agent in screening isolates as potential ESBL producers followed by ceftazidime in Klebsiella spp. isolates.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftizoxime/analogs & derivatives , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Klebsiella/drug effects , Klebsiella Infections/diagnosis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sepsis/diagnosis , beta-Lactamases/metabolism
9.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(6): 493-496, dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-470684

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un resumen de la historia clínica de un recién nacido (RN) fallecido por síndrome de shock tóxico (SST) a Streptococcus pyogenes y se revisó la literatura existente al respecto mediante la búsqueda en distintas bases de datos y otras fuentes. Previo a nuestro paciente se han publicado seis RNs con SST por S. pyogenes con la descripción clínica de los mismos y otros tres RNs sin información detallada de los casos. Se concluye que, en la actualidad, la infección por S. pyogenes no es ya un flagelo en el período neonatal, pero cuando se presenta, puede provocar SST con elevada letalidad.


The clinical history of a newborn child who died from toxic shock syndrome (TSS) due to group A Streptococcus (GAS) was summarized. Literature was reviewed by searching different databases and other sources. Previous to our patient, there were 6 neonatal patients with TSS due to GAS published with the clinical description of the cases and three others without detailed information. In conclusion, nowadays, infection due to GAS is not a frequent devastating disease during the neonatal period, but when it is present it can cause TSS with high lethality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Shock, Septic/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Fatal Outcome
10.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2006 Jan; 73(1): 29-32
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-84290

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study was intended to evaluate the role of maternal genital bacteria and baby's surface colonization in early onset neonatal sepsis. METHODS: Babies (born in the hospital of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research) who developed clinical signs of sepsis were studied. Swabs were collected for culture from baby's umbilicus, ear, throat in addition to gastric aspirate and blood culture. The genital tract of the mother was also studied for bacterial colonization. The organisms isolated from the maternal genital tract and baby's surface colonization were correlated with those isolated from blood culture by calculating Phi correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Esch coli was the most common organism isolated from maternal genital tract and surface cultures of babies, but Klebseilla-Spp was the most common organism isolated from blood. There was a significant correlation between surface colonization of babies and maternal genital bacteria, so also was baby's surface culture and blood culture. However, correlation between maternal genital bacteria and baby's blood culture was not significant. CONCLUSION: Surface colonizing bacteria and not maternal genital bacteria are important in early onset neonatal sepsis.


Subject(s)
Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Female , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture , Genital Diseases, Female/complications , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Pregnancy , Sepsis/etiology
11.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 70(6): 375-385, 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-449853

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad del Doppler de la arteria umbilical (AU) para predecir invasión microbiana de la cavidad amniótica (IMCA), funisitis y resultado adverso neonatal (RA) en pacientes con rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino (RPMPT). Métodos: Se estudian 80 embarazadas entre 24 y 34 semanas de gestación con diagnóstico de rotura prematura de membranas. Se excluyeron embarazadas con condiciones materno-fetales severas que pudiesen alterar el resultado perinatal. Todas tuvieron ultrasonografía para biometría fetal y Doppler de la arteria umbilical dentro de una semana del nacimiento y microbiología de líquido amniótico. Se creó una variable compuesta que incluyó morbilidad neonatal severa, secuelas o muerte neonatal. Las pacientes recibieron antibióticos, esteroides y manejo expectante hasta las 35 semanas. IMCA se definió por el cultivo positivo del líquido amniótico; funisitis por la presencia de leucocitos polimorfonucleares en la pared de los vasos umbilicales o gelatina de Warthon. Se usaron análisis de curva ROC y tablas de contingencia para el cálculo estadístico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 68 pacientes. El RA compuesto se presentó en 19,4 por ciento. Los fetos que desarrollaron RA tuvieron relación S/D de AU, significativamente más alta que los fetos con resultado bueno (RB) (65,6±30,9 vs 30,0±20,4 p<0,001), así como también más alta proporción de valores de la relación S/D de la AU sobre el percentil 90 (30,8 por ciento vs 0 por ciento, respectivamente, p<0,0001). No hubo diferencias en la relación S/D de la AU en los grupos con y sin IMCA y con o sin funisitis. Fetos con relación S/D de la AU con percentil >41 tuvieron significativo más alto riesgo de RA que fetos con percentil < 41 (odds ratio: 15,7; 95 por ciento CI 2,73-118; p<0,001), con sensibilidad de 85 por ciento, tasa de falso-positivo de 56 por ciento, especificidad de 74 por ciento y falso negativo de 5 por ciento. Conclusiones: En la RPMPT, la relación S/D de la AU, predice...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Umbilical Arteries , Chorioamnionitis , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/diagnosis , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/microbiology , Blood Flow Velocity , Cervix Uteri/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Amniotic Fluid/microbiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Placenta/pathology , ROC Curve , Vagina/microbiology , Vaginosis, Bacterial/diagnosis
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-112042

ABSTRACT

Septicemia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. In this study, 828 consecutive neonates suspected of having septicemia from various neonatal intensive care unit hospitals in Gulbarga, Karnataka were investigated for isolation of microorganisms. Two samples of blood were collected aseptically for isolating the etiology. The cultures were positive in 346 (41.9%) cases for aerobic bacteria and 68 (8.3%) for Candida species. Among Candida species, C. tropicalis--27(39.7%) was the predominant organism followed by C. albicans 16(23.5%) and C. guillermondi 13(19.1%). The standard macrobroth dilution method was carried out to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); C. krusei ATCC 6258 standard strain was included for quality control purpose. 4(25.0%) stains of C. albicans were resistant to amphotericin-beta and 2(12.5%) to fluconazole. High-level resistance to fluconazole was observed in C. krusei 4(40.0%).


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/classification , Candidiasis/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Fungemia/microbiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Species Specificity
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 45(2): 90-95, mar.-abr. 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333551

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar el comportamiento de un grupo de recién nacidos sépticos que fallecieron contra un grupo de recién nacidos sépticos vivos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de expedientes de un grupo de recién nacidos con sepsis neonatal, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, de la Secretaría de Salud de México, en la Ciudad de México, D.F., entre 1992 y 2000, los cuales se dividieron en recién nacidos sépticos vivos y fallecidos a los 90 días de seguimiento máximo. Se compararon las variables entre los grupos a través de U de Mann Whitney en el caso de variables numéricas, y ji cuadrada o prueba exacta de Fisher en el caso de variables categóricas. Las variables significativas en el análisis bivariado se incluyeron en uno de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. En todos los análisis se consideró como significativo un valor de p< 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 116 casos (65 vivos, 51 fallecidos). El antecedente de sufrimiento fetal, la presencia de dificultad respiratoria, el llenado capilar prolongado, la presencia de plaquetopenia y el hemocultivo positivo a Klebsiella pneumoniae estuvieron significativamente asociados con mayor riesgo de muerte en el modelo multivariado. CONCLUSIONES: Existen antecedentes epidemiológicos, clínicos, de laboratorio y microbiológicos capaces de predecir significativamente el riesgo de muerte a lo largo de la hospitalización de un recién nacido séptico


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/mortality , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/mortality , Birth Weight , Gestational Age , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/microbiology
14.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 6(2): 55-62, Apr. 2002.
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-332309

ABSTRACT

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the main etiological agent of neonatal sepsis in developed countries, however there is no detailed information on its incidence in Brazil. We registered the incidence and lethality of GBS infection in a Brazilian private maternity hospital from April 1991 to March 2000. Maternal risk factors contributing to neonatal infections were also scored. The rate of infection was determined by checking for GBS in the blood and liquor of symptomatic neonates within 72 hours of birth. Sepsis and/or early onset meningitis were diagnosed in 43 neonates (32 cases in blood, 1in liquor and 10 in blood and liquor). The overall incidence was 0.39 per thousand neonates and remained quite constant throughout the period, ranging from 0.25-0.63. Septic shock occurred in 33 neonates within 1 to 36 hours of birth (mean 15 hours). Among those patients, 26 (60) died between the 5th and the 85th hour after birth. Maternal risk factors, according to CDC criteria, included: gestational age below 37 weeks in 26 cases (60), amniorrhexis equal or superior to 18 hours in 7 cases (16), and maternal temperature equal or superior to 38(o)C in 4 cases (9). None of the mothers had received prophylactic antibiotics during labor nor were urine, rectal or vaginal swabs screened for GBS. Although the incidence of GBS infection in the population in this study was lower than that found in developed countries, its rate of mortality was higher. The death rate could be reduced through recognition of the risk factors and prophylactic antibiotics during labor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Streptococcus , Sepsis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Time Factors , Birth Weight , Brazil , Incidence , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Sepsis , Hospitals, Maternity , Shock, Septic/microbiology , Shock, Septic/mortality , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/mortality
15.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 17(2): 139-44, 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-269406

ABSTRACT

La infección por streptococcus agalactiae (streptococcus b hemolítico grupo b) es una de las principales causas de sepsis en recién nacidos, pero su recurrencia es extremadamente infrecuente. Consideramos de interés presentar dos casos clínicos de recién nacidos con bacteremia recurrente causada por s agalactiae y analizar los probables mecanismos patogénicos involucrados: reinfección desde una fuente exógena, colonización persistente por s agalactiae, tolerancia a penicilina y recaída desde un foco metastásico latente


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Bacteremia/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity , Vagina/metabolism , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Cefotaxime/therapeutic use , Cloxacillin/therapeutic use , Drug Tolerance , Fever/etiology , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Rifampin/therapeutic use
16.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 56(2): 109-20, feb. 1999. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266203

ABSTRACT

La sepsis neonatal es una infección sistémica en el primer mes de vida que, según su gravedad, presenta las 4 fases del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS) que caracteriza a esta enfermedad en los adultos. El uso de antibióticos sigue siendo el pilar en su tratamiento; sin embargo, la morbi-letalidad de la sepsis neonatal no ha disminuido significativamente y la aparición de cepas resistentes es alarmante, lo cual plantea la necesidad de alternativas terapéuticas. En esta búsqueda, se pretende regular la respuesta inflamatoria a la infección a través de 3 grandes grupos de citocinas: interleucinas, interferones y los factores de crecimiento, algunas de las cuales se comportan como pro-inflamatorias, y otras como anti-inflamatorias al neutralizar, bloquear o inhibir a las pro-inflamatorias. Hasta ahora, los 2 mayores avances en la terapia auxiliar de sepsis neonatales son la inmunoglobulina para uso intravenoso (IgIV), que tiene su principal indicación en los neonatos prematuros y de bajo peso, y los factores estimulantes de colonias de granulocitos y de macrófagos (G-CSF y GM-CSF), indicados en neonatos pretérmino o a término con neutropenia por sepsis. Una actitud de extrema reserva entre muchos médicos ha postergado de manera poco justificable su aplicación clínica. En fases preliminares de investigación se encuentran los antagonistas naturales de la endotoxina bacteriana, como la BPI, proteína producida por los granulocitos, y las inmunoadhesinas, moléculas híbridas de inmunoglubulina y un receptor específico que bloquean la unión de citocinas pro-inflamatorias con sus receptores celulares, modulando así la respuesta inflamatoria a la infección


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/immunology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/pathogenicity , Immunotherapy/trends , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/physiopathology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/immunology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Diagnosis-Related Groups
17.
Rev. mex. pueric. ped ; 6(32): 183-7, nov.-dic. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-240989

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, observacional y descriptivo en el que se incluyeron 49 recién nacidos con diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil Privado del 10 de enero de 1993 al 31 de diciembre de 1997. El objetivo fue conocer los agentes etiológicos de sepsis neonatal temprana y tardís. Se encontró que los agentes etiológicos tanto de sepsis neonatal temprana y tardía fueron S. aureus en 19 casos (38.7 por ciento), de los cuales 12(63.1 por ciento) correspondieron a sepsis temprana y 7 (36.9 por ciento) a sepsis tardía. Seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae en 9 casos (18.3 por ciento), de los cuales cinco correspondieron a sepsis tardía y cuatro a sepsis temprana. No se encontró relación entre el sexo y la presencia de sepsis. RR = 1.33, IC 95 por ciento (0.55-3.22)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Sepsis/etiology , Sepsis/physiopathology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology
18.
KMJ-Kuwait Medical Journal. 1997; 29 (3): 291-296
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-45289

ABSTRACT

A retrospective study was done over a two year period as a part of continuous surveillance of neonatal septicemia in Farwania Regional Hospital. The aim of this study was to identify the causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities in order to implement an antibiotic regime suitable for affected neonates. The study identified 99 culture-verified septicemia episodes in 94 neonates representing an incidence of 6.8 per 1000 live births. Gram positive cocci namely Streptococcus viridans and group B Streptococcus presented as the commonest organisms in very early and early onset infections [51.2%]. Gram negative bacilli : Kiebsiella pneumoniae [K. pneumoniae] and Escherichia coli [E. coli], were the major contributors to late onset sepsis [75%]. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern indicated limited resistance amongst the isolates in early infections making the use of simple broad spectrum antibiotics such as ampicillin and an aminoglycoside justifiable. Broader spectrum antibiotics such as third generation cephalosporins or imipenem are needed for acquired gram negative nosocomial infections. Despite early therapeutic intervention, the overall mortality was 26.6%. Gram negative septicemia and very low birth weight were high risk factors associated with high fatality


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Sepsis/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/pathogenicity , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Cross Infection
19.
EJMM-Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology [The]. 1996; 5 (2): 243-246
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-40898

ABSTRACT

Maternal infection during pregnancy with hepatitis [B] virus [HBV] and hepatitis [C] virus [HBV] is increasingly recognized as a threat to the fetus or the neonate. Blood samples were collected from 69 mothers in delivery once admitted to Mattaria Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt and their newborns during the period from May to October 1994. The apparentely healthy mothers were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected from the cord blood using angiocathers. Sera was separated and stored at -70 degrees untill tested. Sera were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] by Abbott for hepatitis [B] surface antigen [HBsAg] and anti-hepatitis [C] antibody [anti-RCV] using second generation ELISA by Abbott. Out of the 69 mothers 15 [21.6%] had HBsAg, 10 [28.8%] had anti-HCV and 7 [10%] had both markers. In the newborns 7 [10%] had HBsAg, 12[17.4%] had anti-HCV and 5[7.2%] had both markers. This study shows that vertical transmission could be a reality and screening mothers especially those at high risk of infection is important. This gives us a chance to vaccinate their newborns with hepatitis 1B vaccine on the day of delivery and with hepatitis [C] vaccine once it becomes available. Extent of vertical transmission needs further studies. Follow up of babies who have reactive sera or of carrier mothers is recommended


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis C/transmission , Mothers , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/virology
20.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 59(4): 301-6, 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-144155

ABSTRACT

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 33 años, G7P6A1, que rompió membranas a las 20 semanas de edad gestacional, demostrándose la presencia de Klebsiella oxytoca en el líquido anmiótico obtenido por amniocentesis. No habiendo signos clínicos de infección ovular, recibió tratamiento antibiótico parenteral. El control bacteriológico post tratamiento fue negativo. El parto fue resuelto a las 29 1/2 semanas debido a la sospecha de desprendimiento placentario, obteniéndose un recién nacido vivo, sexo femenino, 1520 g y Apgar 8-8. La evolución materna estuvo libre de morbilidad infecciosa y el neonato cursó una sepsis clínica con buena respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico, sin que se demostrara la presencia de otras complicaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/drug therapy , Klebsiella Infections/diagnosis , Amniocentesis , Cesarean Section , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Gentamicins/administration & dosage , Amniotic Fluid/microbiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/drug therapy , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods
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